AS 18935 pdf download

AS 18935 pdf download.Imaging materials — Colour images — Determination of water resistance of printed colour images
4  Categories of water resistance
4.1  General The water resistance of a print is categorized into one of three categories, i.e. water resistant, moderately water resistant and not water resistant as defined in 4.2 to 4.4. 4.2  Water resistant Water-resistant print is print that is not noticeably affected by exposure to liquid water. NOTE  No significant degradation of the colorant (bleeding, smearing, hue change), of the support (curl, cockle, delamination) or of the image surface (gloss changes, water rings, etc.) is found. 4.3  Moderately water resistant A moderately water-resistant print is a print that exhibits some change or damage by water but is still considered usable for its intended application. NOTE  The damage can manifest itself as slight media curl, partial delamination along an edge, or ring-like watermarks due to gloss changes or a minor amount of colorant migration. This damage can be mitigated by the rapid removal of the water (careful blotting, shaking off the water, etc.).4.4  Not water resistant A print that is not water-resistant is a print that is easily damaged by contact with water, even when incidental (e.g. a water mist) and is considered unsuitable for applications involving contact with water. NOTE  Such damage can manifest itself as appreciable curl, delamination of the image layer, colorant bleed into non-imaged areas or from colour to colour, or image degradation (hue and gloss changes, surface marks, etc.). It is strongly advisable to users of these materials to prevent water contact.
5  Water resistance estimating procedures
5.1  General considerations Water resistance is the ability of a print to resist water damage which may manifest itself in a number of ways, such as migration of colorants; changes in the size and/or optical density of image elements; degradation of the image layer, as well as cockle, curl or loss of gloss. The water resistance of prints made by current methods varies considerably. For example, some ink-jet prints sustain no observable damage when the surface is rubbed immediately after water has been poured over the image. While others that do not show any water damage after soaking for hours, lose a portion of their image layer if it is wiped off before drying. For dye-based inkjet, water resistance of many systems is dependent on three interdependent variables: ink absorption, coating solubility, and effectiveness of mordant [1] . For other systems where the ink is not absorbed into the substrate, water resistance is dependent on adhesion of the colorant to the substrate. In both cases, water-resistant laminates will improve water resistance. Extensive tests have shown that full characterization of water resistance requires several different methods. Many attempts were made to quantify the test data generated by these methods in interlaboratory comparison, but none were successful. It is likely that within a given laboratory, the tests described in this document are sufficiently reproducible to yield statistically reliable data. However, this is not enough to adopt fixed evaluation criteria. For these reasons, qualitative analysis of the test results is prescribed. This entails grouping of the results obtained from different print materials into water-resistant (no change) or not water-resistant categories. An intermediate level of moderate water resistance is also recognized, although its boundaries cannot be determined exactly.This document requires the use of deionized or distilled water for all of the tests. The pH of this water is not controlled (unless it is certified, which will be at pH 7) but pH will have little effect on the tests. This is because any water-soluble components in the media coating will dissolve into the water and rapidly change the pH. The final value of this will depend on the media used. 5.2  Control sample The evaluation of test results based on qualitative criteria for water resistance (as defined in Clause 4) requires that untreated control specimens be used for comparison with water-treated specimens.