AS ISO 3449 pdf download

AS ISO 3449 pdf download.Earth-moving machinery — Falling-object protective structures — Laboratory tests and performance requirements
1  Scope
This International Standard specifies laboratory tests for measuring the structural characteristics of, and gives performance requirements in a representative test for, falling-object protective structures (FOPS) intended for use on ride-on earth-moving machines as defined in ISO 6165. It is applicable to both FOPS supplied as an integral part of the machine and those supplied separately for attachment to the machine. It is not intended to apply to FOPS intended for use on landfill compactors, excavators, rollers, trenchers, pipelayers, for the additional seat for operation of an attachment (e.g. attachment backhoe), or on machines with a power rating of less than 15 kW. NOTE  This International Standard can be used to provide guidance to the manufacturers of roll-over or falling- object protective structures should it be decided to provide such protection for these or other machines for a particular application.
3  Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 falling-object protective structure FOPS system of structural members arranged in such a way as to provide operators with reasonable protection from falling objects (trees, rocks, small concrete blocks, hand tools, etc.) 3.2 roll-over protective structure ROPS system of structural members whose primary purpose is to reduce the possibility of a seat-belted operator being crushed should the machine roll-over Note 1 to entry: Structural members include any subframe, bracket, mounting, socket, bolt, pin, suspension or flexible shock absorption used to secure the system to the machine frame, but exclude mounting provisions that are integral with the machine frame. 3.3 deflection-limiting volume DLV orthogonal approximation of a large male, seated operator wearing normal clothing and a hard hat Note 1 to entry: See ISO 3164. 3.4 level I impact protection impact strength for protection from small falling objects (e.g. bricks, small concrete blocks, hand tools) encountered in operations such as highway maintenance, landscaping and other construction site services 3.5 level II impact protection impact strength for protection from heavy falling objects (e.g. trees, rocks) for machines involved in site clearing, overhead demolition or forestry 3.6 representative test test of a specimen whose material, dimensional and processing requirements are typical of production FOPS
4  General
The FOPS may be integrated into the operator cab structure. This test procedure is generally destructive of the FOPS assembly, as permanent deformation will occur to the structure, and might not reproduce structural deformations, owing to variation in the actual impact of the falling objects. Two levels of performance criteria are specified for impact protection, based on the machine end use. a) Level I: protection against the impact of a round test object dropped from a height sufficient to develop an energy of 1 365 J. See Figures 1 a) and 2 a). b) Level II: protection against the impact of a cylindrical test object dropped from a height sufficient to develop an energy of 11 600 J. See Figures 1 b) and 2 b). The drop height of the test object is defined as a function of its mass, as shown in Figure 1. NOTE  Although FOPS meeting these criteria do not give crush protection under all the circumstances in which the machine could be struck from above, it is expected that protection from penetration will be ensured under conditions a) and b).
5.1.3 DLV structure, placed upright and made of a material that will indicate any penetration by the FOPS — grease or other suitable material being permitted to be put on the lower surface of the FOPS cover to indicate such penetration. The DLV structure and its location shall be in accordance with ISO 3164. The DLV structure shall be fixed firmly to the same part of the machine as the operator’s seat and shall remain there during the entire formal test period. 5.1.4 Suitable dynamic instrumentation system, with a dynamic measurement accuracy of ± 5 %, for measuring the expected deflection of the FOPS with respect to the DLV. 5.2  Test conditions 5.2.1  Test bed The FOPS to be evaluated shall be attached to the machine structure, as it would be in actual machine use. Although a complete machine is not required, the portion on which the FOPS is mounted shall be identical to the actual structure, and the vertical stiffness of the test bed shall be not less than that of an actual machine according to 5.2.2.