AS NZS 2205.5.1 pdf download

AS NZS 2205.5.1 pdf download.Methods for destructive testing of welds in metal
1 Scope
This International Standard gives recommendations for specimen preparation, test procedures and their main objectives for macroscopic and microscopic examination.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the  latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 6520-1, Welding and allied processes 一Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials一Part 1: Fusion welding ISO 9956-3, Specification and approval of welding procedures for metallic materials – – Part 3: Welding procedure tests for arc welding of steels ISO 9956-4, Specification and approval of welding procedures for metallic materials 一Part 4: Welding procedure tests for the arc welding of aluminium and its alloys ISO/TR 15608, Welding – Guidelines for a metallic materials grouping system ISO/TR 16060, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials – Etchants for macroscopic and microscopic examination
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 macroscopic examination examination of a test specimen by the naked eye, or under low magnification (generally less than x 50], with or without etching 3.2 microscopic examination examination of a test specimen by microscope with a magnification of generally x 50 to x 500, with or without etching 3.3 operator person who performs the macroscopic and/or microscopic examination
4 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the following abbreviations apply. Abbreviations for parent metals shall be in accordance with the grouping systems in ISO 9956-3 for steels and ISO 9956-4 for aluminium and its alloys. Grouping systems for other materials are given in ISO/TR 15608. The same grouping systems shall also be used for weld metal. The abbreviations for etchants should be taken from ISO/TR 16060 whenever applicable. NOTE A trade mark can be used if ISO/TR 16060 is not applicable.
5 Principle
Macroscopic and microscopic examination is used to reveal the macroscopic or microscopic features of a welded joint, usually by the examination of transverse sections. This is done by visual and/or optical examination of the prepared surface, before or after etching.
6 Purpose of the test
The purpose of macroscopic and microscopic examinations is to assess the structure (including grain structure, morphology and orientation, precipitates and inclusions) independently and/or in relation to various cracks and cavities. Sections can also provide a record of sample shape in the planes of the section. Table 1 gives guidance on the assessment of features which can be detected by macroscopic and microscopic examination.
7 Removal of test specimens
Test specimens are generally oriented perpendicular to the weld axis (transverse section), including the weld deposit and heat affected zones on both sides of the weld. However, test specimens may also apply to other orientations. The location, orientation and number of test pieces should be specified prior to testing, for example by reference to an application standard.
8 Test procedure
8.1 General The following information shall be given: 一parent metals and welding consumables; object of the test; 一composition/name of the etchant; surface finish (see 8.3); etching methods (see 8.4); etching time; additional measures (see 8.6); any additional requirements. . 8.2 Test specimen preparation The test specimen shall be prepared for examination by cutting, mounting, grinding and/or polishing and/or etching as appropriate (see ISO/TR 16060]. The surface to be examined shall not be adversely influenced by these processes. 8.3 Surface finish The requirement for surface finish depends on aspects such as 一type of examination (macroscopic or microscopic); 一type of material; documentation (such as photographs). NOTE Details of the grinding and polishing media and methods of grinding and polishing are given in ISO/TR 16060. 8.4 Etching methods The method of etching shall be specified prior to etching. The most common methods are etching by immersing the test specimen in the etchant; . etching by swabbing the surface of the test specimen; electrolytic etching. Other methods may be used but should be specified, e.g. by reference to an application standard. When etching is completed, the test specimen should be washed and dried. 8.5 Etchants Typical etchants for various parent metals, weld deposits, purposes and types of examination are given in ISO/TR 16060. . Depending on the information required, the type and concentration of the etchant as well as the etching temperature and time may be varied according to the material and type of examination. For similar joints, different etchants may be used. .