AS NZS 3996 pdf download

AS NZS 3996 pdf download.Access covers and grates
1.1 SCOPE
This Standard specifies requirements for access covers and grates for use in vehicular and pedestrian areas. It applies to single or multi-part access covers and grates, where any single cover does not exceed 1300 mm clear opening. This Standard covers products manufactured from grey and ductile iron, cast and manufactured steel, aluminium, concrete, and polymeric materials. This Standard does not consider fire resistance. The basis for the requirements specified in this Standard is a minimum service life of 25 years for covers and grates made from polymeric materials and 50 years for covers and grates made from all other materials. This Standard does not apply to the following: (a) Covers and grates in Classes E, F and G made from polymeric materials. (b) Covers/grates with any wooden structural component. (c) Covers and grates of Class D, E, F and G made from grey cast iron. (d) In-situ structural infill covers. (e) The hydraulic design of access covers and grates. (f) Multi-part units that require fittings such as removable beams. (g) Applications with heavy point design loads greater than those specified are not covered in this Standard. NOTE: Guidance on the information to be provided by the purchaser is provided in Appendix B.
1.4 DEFINITIONS
For the purpose of this Standard, the definitions below apply. 1.4.1 Access chamber (also known as maintenance hole) A chamber that a person can enter to conduct inspections, testing, maintenance and the like. 1.4.2 Access cover An openable cover for the purpose of gaining access to conduct inspections, testing or remove obstructions. Access covers may be placed over inspection chambers and access chambers. 1.4.3 Batch A population of product, of known history, that enables verification that the product was made from known materials at essentially the same time by essentially the same processes and under essentially the same system of control. 1.4.4 Batch release test A test performed on a batch of components to verify conformance to test criteria before the batch can be released.1.4.5 Circular opening (CO) The diameter of the largest circle (measured in millimetres) that can be inscribed in the unobstructed opening between any supporting frames with any removable supporting beams retained in place (see Figure 1.1).1.4.6 Clear opening An unobstructed opening for access, in service, and without removable supporting beams in place. 1.4.7 Depth of insertion The depth from the top of the frame to the horizontal seating. 1.4.8 Fastening device A device that includes features to prevent or largely restrict one or more of the following: (a) Relative movement between a grate or cover and the frame. (b) The grate or cover being dislodged from the frame under traffic. (c) Opening of the grate or cover without the use of a tool. 1.4.9 Grate A grid of metal or other suitable material placed over an opening, to allow the entry of water while providing protection and support for pedestrians or vehicles passing over it. 1.4.10 Hinge A device with a means of pivoting that joins a cover or grate to the frame.1.4.11 Inspection chamber A chamber to provide access for equipment only, for inspection and testing, maintenance, clearing obstructions and removal of debris when operating from surface level. Inspection chambers do not require entry of a person; however, they may require entry of autonomous inspection equipment. 1.4.12 Lift-out A cover or grate that can be removed by lifting the cover or grate out of the frame. 1.4.13 Pedestrian areas Areas primarily accessible to pedestrians, such as footpaths, walkways, building entrances, pedestrian malls and shopping precincts, and includes shared zones that are open to slow moving vehicles. 1.4.14 Recessed cover A cover requiring a non-structural infill. 1.4.15 Register A slot and matching protuberance or other feature of a cover or grate and its frame which provides a permanent physical means of correctly orienting the cover or grate in its frame. 1.4.16 Sealed cover A cover and frame that provide both a gas-tight and a watertight seal. 1.4.17 Sealed gas-tight A cover and frame that provide a gas-tight seal. 1.4.18 Sealed watertight A cover and frame that provide a watertight seal. 1.4.19 Seating Surface on which the grate or cover rests in the frame. 1.4.20 Tilt-up mechanism A device by which a cover or grate, unattached to the frame, is permitted to rotate into an open position.